sinology; Chinese studies
English studies; English philology; English linguistics
to relate; to narrate; to describe; to confer (a rank)
perilous pass (on a route or journey); rough spot
edible chrysanthemum (Glebionis coronaria); crown daisy; garland chrysanthemum
retirement from public office; going into opposition; losing power
to harm; to hurt; to injure; to damage
exemplar; model; example; pattern
Western learning (introduced to Japan in the late-Edo and early-Meiji eras)
Genji (the character in the Genji Monogatari); the Minamoto family
to proceed with things; to carry out; to do
origin; beginning; genesis; primeval; primordial; primitive
sophism; chop logic; far-fetched argument; quibble; cavil; argument for argument's sake
to write (a person) up (in a positive or negative light); to write something up so that it stands out; to write up in an exaggerated fashion; to detail; to list
windy; windswept; receive harsh treatment
down to earth; reasonable
various matters; everything
Ministry of Education, Science and Culture (1871-2001)
change; variation; variety; diversity; inflection; declension
blind female beggar who sings or plays shamisen
woman; girl; daughter; Chinese "Girl" constellation (one of the 28 mansions)
family or person with samurai ancestors
to soothe and humor (humour); to coax
ban; prohibition; interdiction; injunction
visit (to a religious site, e.g. shrine, temple, grave)
a lot; plenty; abundant; exaggerated; grandiose
new government; new administration
foundation; base; basis; from the beginning; from the outset; by nature
holding a ceremony; wedding ceremony
to leave the nest; to go out into the world; to become independent (of one's parents); to graduate (and become a member of society)
and yet; despite this; but even so; but even then; however; nevertheless
Kagoshima (city, prefecture)
speaker; narrator; speaker (of a language)
stubborn person; bonehead; bullethead; pig-headed person