prefectural governor (of Osaka or Kyoto)
Sakuma Shouzan (1811-1864)
Eastern Orthodox Church; Orthodox Church
Bachelor of Arts; BA; B.A.
to polish one's shoes; to clean your shoes
Tokyo Imperial University
education world or circles
exemplar; model; example; pattern
cold rice; hanger-on; dependent; disgraced former actor
to have a cross to bear; to carry a heavy burden
Genji (the character in the Genji Monogatari); the Minamoto family
Ministry of Justice (1871-1948)
boiled octopus; person as red as a lobster
to teach (the way); to guide; to instruct; to enlighten
expenses; costly; expensive
Dutch studies; studies of Western knowledge
single (i.e. unmarried) person; someone alone
work; labor; labour; toil
cicada; locust; small-sized pulley
to suffer an embarrassing defeat
foreign settlement; concession; reservation (e.g. American Indian)
polish; grinding; sharpening
smuggling (people); stowing away
smelling of mold; musty; putrid; old-fashioned; stale; hackneyed
adventurous spirit; sense of adventure
reconciliation (with one's spouse, adopted child, etc.)
taking a quantity (of time, people, etc.); similar to ...; dependent on ...; reliant on ...; while ...; when ...
abacus; soroban; calculation (esp. of profit and loss); reckoning
scriptures; canon; teaching guide
prohibition; ban; embargo
red eyes; bloodshot eyes; red-eye; red mullet (Chelon haematocheilus); facial gesture of pulling one's eyelid down and sticking out one's tongue
keeping oneself awake; fighting off drowsiness; method for keeping oneself awake