hello; good day; good afternoon
stamp (postage); merchandise certificate
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
Meiji era (1868.9.8-1912.7.30)
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
November; eleventh month of the lunar calendar
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
style; manner; way; after (period of time) again (e.g. meeting again after a year); for the first time in (period of time)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to tear; to rip; to break through (cordon, opponent's defense, etc.); to breach; to defeat; to beat; to break (e.g. silence)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
again; once more; a second time
motherland; fatherland; native country
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
earth; ground; place; territory; bottom (of a package, book, etc.); earth (one of the five elements)
to step on; to tread on; to set foot on (e.g. foreign soil); to stand on; to experience; to undergo; to follow (rules, principles, etc.)
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
wicket gate; wooden door; entrance to an entertainment venue (i.e. sumo arena, etc.)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
honorific/polite/humble prefix
help; assistance; service
grace (of God); benevolence (of Buddha); assistance; help; effects; influence
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
high; tall; expensive; high-priced; high (level); above average (in degree, quality, etc.)
person who is ...; thing that is ...
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
government; administration
to work; to labor; to function; to operate; to commit (e.g. a crime); to perpetrate
not feeling like doing ...; having no mind to ...; being in no mood for ...; having no intention of ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
I'm sorry; (it's) inexcusable; thank you very much (for help, etc.)
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
so; therefore; accordingly; consequently; on those grounds; that is why
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)