prefectural governor (of Osaka or Kyoto)
Sakuma Shouzan (1811-1864)
Eastern Orthodox Church; Orthodox Church
perilous pass (on a route or journey); rough spot
Bachelor of Arts; BA; B.A.
to polish one's shoes; to clean your shoes
Tokyo Imperial University
education world or circles
to harm; to hurt; to injure; to damage
exemplar; model; example; pattern
cold rice; hanger-on; dependent; disgraced former actor
to divide (by); to remove; to exclude
to have a cross to bear; to carry a heavy burden
Genji (the character in the Genji Monogatari); the Minamoto family
Ministry of Justice (1871-1948)
boiled octopus; person as red as a lobster
to teach (the way); to guide; to instruct; to enlighten
expenses; costly; expensive
thank you for your hard work; I appreciate your efforts
Dutch studies; studies of Western knowledge
single (i.e. unmarried) person; someone alone
work; labor; labour; toil
cicada; locust; small-sized pulley
to suffer an embarrassing defeat
residence maintained by a daimyo in Edo
foreign settlement; concession; reservation (e.g. American Indian)
missionary work; proselytizing; preaching; evangelism
polish; grinding; sharpening