jpdb beta

outer moat (of a castle)

1

long life

4

temple (Buddhist)

3

till; to; concerning (an area of expertise); swearing by (one's sword, God, etc.)

1

fierce attack

1

to start; to begin; to challenge; to pick (a fight); to set (traps); to plant (explosives)

1

but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that

1

overwhelming

2

devastating; catastrophic; crushing

1

blow; shock; strike; batting

1

to put on (one's head); to wear; to be covered with (dust, snow, etc.); to pour (water, etc.) on oneself; to bear (e.g. someone's debts, faults, etc.); to take (blame); to overlap (e.g. sound or color)

1

to come to an end; to close the curtain

1

(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season

1

Kyoto (city, prefecture)

1

what kind of; what sort of; what; how; in what way

2

perusal; one reading

1

caves dug as tombs in and around Kamakura during the Kamakura and Muromachi periods

4

teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder

6

condition; state; health; state (of health); way; manner

1

(mountain) pass; highest point on a mountain road; ridge; peak (e.g. of summer); worst (e.g. of an illness); crisis

1

to cross over (e.g. mountain); to go across; to get over (e.g. hardship); to pass time (e.g. a winter); to surpass; to be better than; to move house

1

yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's

2

still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least

1

Grand Council of State (1868-1885 CE); Department of State (under the ritsuryo system)

1

to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint

2

to ask; to inquire; to blame (someone) for; to accuse of; to care about; to regard as important

2

to write down

1

truth; reality

1

feudal retainer or warrior

1

oh, yes?; really?

1

separation of powers (legislative, executive and judicial)

1

promotion of industry; encouragement of new industry

1

school

1

system; institution; organization; organisation

1

new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date

1

country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)

1

all; entire; whole; altogether

1

Western learning (introduced to Japan in the late-Edo and early-Meiji eras)

1

the West; the Occident; Western countries

1

study; scholarship; learning; discipline; branch of learning; (a) science

1

to teach; to instruct; to tell; to inform; to preach

3

person; character; one's character; one's personality; able person; talented person

1

just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...

1

if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so

1

there's no (other) way; cannot be helped; unavoidable; it's no use (doing); pointless; hopeless (person)

1

to open (e.g. doors); to open (e.g. business, etc.); to be empty; to be vacant; to be available; to be open (e.g. neckline, etc.); to have been opened (of one's eyes, mouth, etc.)

1

to pull; to tug; to draw (attention, sympathy, etc.); to attract (e.g. interest); to draw back (e.g. one's hand); to draw in (one's chin, stomach, etc.); to draw (a card, mahjong tile, etc.)

1

to make a decision; to draw a conclusion; to give a judgement; to hand down a verdict; to let go down; to lower; to do oneself

2

rudeness; impoliteness; discourtesy; insolence

1

wrong; not good; hopeless; past hope; must not do

2