to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
to cross the ocean (i.e. to go to or come from overseas)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to bring; to take; to bring about
black ships; Western ships that came to Japan between the 16th and 19th centuries, esp. those of the Perry Expedition in 1853; foreign disruptor (of the Japanese market); product, person, etc. arriving from the West and disturbing the Japanese market
next (year, spring, etc.); coming; since (last month, etc.); for (20 years, etc.)
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
Bakumatsu period; closing days of the Tokugawa shogunate; end of the Edo period
big; large; loud; extensive; spacious; important
to move; to shift; to inspire; to rouse; to change; to alter; to operate
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
Itagaki Taisuke (1837-1919)
major company; big company; front castle gate; force attacking the front of a castle
gate; branch of learning based on the teachings of a single master; division; phylum; counter for cannons
before one's eyes; in front of one; under one's nose; immediate; imminent; around the corner
maliciousness; ill will; noxious gas; (arch.) (vengeful) ghost; (arch.) specter
daytime; during the day; time from sunrise until sunset; diurnal period
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to advance; to go forward; to precede; to go ahead (of); to make progress; to improve; to deepen
to shoot (at); to attack; to defeat; to destroy
feudal lord; (arch.) mansion; (arch.) palace
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
(are you) alright?; (are you) OK?
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
safety; security; safely; without incident; good health; inaction
big gamble; big plunge; big mountain
(direct) hit; hitting the mark
Satsuma (former province located in the west of present-day Kagoshima Prefecture); sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas)
general; admiral; head; chief; old chap; mate
to bring down (an animal, opponent, etc.); to kill; to shoot dead; to shoot down
adds force or indicates command
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to aim at (with a weapon, etc.); to be after (something or someone); to have an eye on; to aim for; to set up as a goal
perilous pass (on a route or journey); rough spot
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to ferry across (e.g. a river); to carry across; to lay across; to build across; to hand over; to hand in
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work