indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
name; given name; first name
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
by no means; never!; certainly (not); surely (not); something unexpected; emergency
memory; recollection; remembrance; memory; storage
to lose (something); to get rid of; to eliminate; to remove
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
hey!; say!; I say!; I; me
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
pluralizing suffix; or so; rough indicator of direction, location, amount, etc.; nominalizing suffix
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
Heisei era (1989.1.8-2019.4.30)
to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to step down; to retire; to be granted
idiot; moron; stupid; foolish; trivial; insignificant; malfunctioning
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
sand; fine sand; capelin roe (used as a sushi topping)
heavy; weighty; heavy (feeling); depressed; slow; sluggish; important (position, responsibility, etc.)
you bastard!; you son of a bitch!
yikes!; eek!; ook; eek; customer
to touch; to feel; to get involved (with); to approach; to be harmful to; to hinder
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
he; she; this; this one; hey, you!; you bastard!
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
buttocks; behind; undersurface; bottom; last place; end
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")