matter; affair; counter for (received) emails, text messages, voicemail messages, etc.; counter for accounts (on a website, email service, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
country in civil war; country disarrayed by war; Warring States period (Japan, China); competiton in which there are several evenly-matched participants; hotly-contested game (match, market, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
troubled times; turbulent times
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
memory; recollection; remembrance; storage
to lose; to miss (a change, opportunity); to lose (a loved one); to be bereaved of; to concede (goals, points, etc.)
as it is; as one likes; because; condition; state
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
myself; yourself; I; me; you
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
even; (if) only; just; besides; on top of that
to recall; to remember; to recollect
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
how; in what way; how about
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
Warring States period (of Japanese history, approx. 1467-1568 CE); Sengoku period; Warring States period (of Chinese history, 403-221 BCE); era of vicious competition
raging waves; stormy seas; hardships; troubles; adversities
to gulp down; to swallow deeply; to understand; to take in; to engulf; to swallow up
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)
Heisei era (1989.1.8-2019.4.30)
world; society; life; lifetime; age; era; reign
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
now; the present time; just now; another; more
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
test; trial; probation; ordeal; tribulation
to rush on; to attack; to swoop down on
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
you (when referring to one's equals or inferiors)
to pose as; to (successfully) impersonate; to pretend to be; to (completely) become; to (fully) turn into
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)