indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
last (i.e. immediately preceding); previous; pre- (e.g. premodern); before; before; earlier
at that time; in those days
companion; fellow; group; company; member of the same category (family, class)
life; life force; lifetime; lifespan; most important thing; foundation
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to aim at (with a weapon, etc.); to be after (something or someone); to have an eye on; to aim for; to set up as a goal
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
one meaning; primary importance; primary significance; a reason; a truth
matter; affair; counter for (received) emails, text messages, voicemail messages, etc.; counter for accounts (on a website, email service, etc.)
you; before (a god, nobleman, etc.); in front of
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to forget; to leave carelessly; to be forgetful of; to forget about; to forget (an article)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
name; given name; first name
origin; source; basis; base; cause; (raw) material; ingredient
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to reach; to touch; to be delivered; to arrive; to be attentive; to be scrupulous
immediately; at once; soon; before long; easily; readily
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
soon; shortly; before long; nearly; almost
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
to play (games, sports); to enjoy oneself; to mess about (with alcohol, gambling, philandery, etc.); to be idle; to do nothing; to meet up (with friends); to hang out
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to leak out (of a secret); to come out; to be exposed (of a lie, improper behaviour, etc.); to get away (of a fish)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
mouth; opening; hole; mouth (of a bottle); spout; gate; door
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to seal (e.g. a letter); to prevent (e.g. movement); to forbid; to block (e.g. speech)
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case