new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
year; age; years; past one's prime; old age
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to come along; to come around; to turn up; to arrive at the present; to get where one is; to have been doing something (for a period of time)
decisive battle; deciding match; play-off
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
keeper of imperial archives; worker skilled in the brewing of sake or soy sauce
more and more; all the more; at last; finally; (at the) last moment; worst possible time
February; second month of the lunar calendar
first day of the month; (arch.) first ten days of the lunar month
performance; take; game; season; penetrative vaginal sex (with a prostitute); unsimulated sex (in an adult movie)
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
thirtieth day of the month; thirty days
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
January; first month of the lunar calendar
taking an examination (esp. school and university entrance)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
many; much; majority (of); greater part (of); mostly; mainly
pupil; student; schoolchild
to; for; from the standpoint of; as far as ... is concerned
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
popularity; favour; defense; defence; agreement; receiver of technique (e.g. in martial arts)
practice; training; drill; (an) exercise; workout
and; or; and the like; and so forth; and what not
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
feeling; sensation; preparedness; readiness; thought; sentiment
even a little; any at all; if only a little; no matter how little
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
at once; immediately; right now
to throw away; to cast away; to abandon; to desert; to give up; to resign
please (give me); please (do for me)
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
stage (theatre, theater); scene or setting (e.g. of novel, play, etc.)
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
all one's power (strength, energy, efforts); one's utmost
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to use up (all one's strength, ideas, etc.); to exert oneself; to do one's best