our country; our land; one's own country
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
absorbed in; immersed in; forgetting oneself; daze; within a dream; while dreaming
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
originally; by nature; from the start
violence; oppression; high-handedness; tyranny; despotism
deliberately; carefully; thoroughly; without rushing
to teach; to instruct; to tell; to inform; to preach
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to deep-fry
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
terrible; dreadful; terrifying; surprising; startling; tremendous
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
request; favour (to ask); wish; please
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
together; jointly; at the same time; with; both
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
to be separated; to be apart; to leave; to go away; to leave (a job, etc.); to quit
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
together; at the same time; same; identical
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
cave; cavern; peak; summit
ball; sphere; bead (of sweat, dew, etc.); drop; ball (in sports); pile (of noodles, etc.); bullet
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
wife; your wife; his wife; married lady; madam
(another's) daughter; young lady (of pampered upbringing); woman who has never known hardship; naive woman
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
foot of a mountain; base of a mountain
slow; time-consuming; late (in the day); towards the end (of the day or night); later (than expected or usual); late
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah