Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
by means of; due to; because of; according to
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
de facto marriage; common-law marriage
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
when it comes to ...; where ... is concerned; if it's the case that ...; if it turns out that ...; if it's true that ...
natural; right; proper; naturally; as a matter of course; rightly
wife; (arch.) my dear; (arch.) dear; garnish (esp. one served with sashimi); embellishment
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
madder (esp. Japanese madder, Rubia argyi); madder (red color)
to teach; to instruct; to tell; to inform; to preach
please (give me); please (do for me)
turn (in line); order of things; sequential order
anyway; anyhow; as one likes; by all means; at any cost; no matter what it takes
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
if so; in that case; in that situation
myself; yourself; I; me; you
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
among these; between these; of these; in here; in this
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
10^8; 100,000,000; hundred million
yen (Japanese monetary unit); circle
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to ferry across (e.g. a river); to carry across; to lay across; to build across; to hand over; to hand in
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
gradually; by degrees; little by little; steps; stairs; staircase