this time; now; next time; another time; recently; lately
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
to climb over; to get over; to surmount; to overcome; to surpass; to overtake
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
please (give me); please (do for me)
Lord; Highness; (arch.) you
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
sum; harmony; peace; Japan; Japanese-style
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
due form; official; formality
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
small; little; slight; below average (in degree, amount, etc.); low (e.g. sound); soft (e.g. voice)
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
to part (usu. of people); to part from; to separate (of a couple); to break up; to lose (e.g. one's mother); to be bereaved
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
only natural; no wonder; as expected; of course; as it should be
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
pine tree (Pinus spp.); highest (of a three-tier ranking system)
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
is that so? (generally rhetorical)
more and more; all the more; at last; finally; (at the) last moment; worst possible time
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
opportunity; chance; folding; fold; small food box (wooden or cardboard); folding in ... (two, three, etc.); counter for folded items
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily