called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
(United States of) America; United States; US; America (land mass); the Americas
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
feature; trait; characteristic; peculiarity; distinction
now; the present time; just now; another; more
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
possibly; apparently; (seem) likely; somehow or other; with difficulty; barely
to be open (to traffic); to lead to; to flow (liquid, current); to pass; to be understood; to be comprehended; to be honored
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
existing (at the present moment); alright; acceptable; to be (usu. of inanimate objects); to have
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
woman; female; feminine gender
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
university; college; former central university of Kyoto (established under the ritsuryo system for the training of government administrators); the Great Learning (one of the Four Books)
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
name; given name; title; fame; renown; pretext
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
one's business; reading of scriptures before a (statue of) Buddha; bargain; discount; (arch.) money paid to a prostitute or geisha
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
rumour; rumor; report; hearsay; gossip; common talk
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
company; corporation; workplace
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
mostly; nearly; practically; well-nigh; almost invariably; all but
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to death (bored, scared, etc.); to distraction; like crazy; like mad; so much; dying (e.g. for a drink)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
I wonder; do you think?; I might; some kind; some stage; somehow
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
sorry; excuse me; thank you