spring water; clear (pure) water
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
various; a variety of; variously; in various ways; various things; this and that
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
in the first place; to begin with; after all; anyway; beginning; start
myself; yourself; I; me; you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
how; in what way; how about
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
rural area; countryside; the sticks; hometown
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
tax counsellor; tax counselor; licensed tax accountant
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
while; during; while; although; all; both
by myself; in person; by oneself
life; living; livelihood; (one's) living
originally; from the start; from the beginning; none the worse (for); (coming out) even; in the same position (as before)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
look; appearance; spectacle; sight; observation meditation; outlook on ...
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to recall; to remember; to recollect
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
not understanding; not knowing
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
normal; ordinary; normally; ordinarily; local train; train that stops at every station
honorific/polite/humble prefix
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to talk; to chat; to chatter
now; the present time; just now; another; more
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
Mr; master; Ms; miss; (arch.) sir; (arch.) madam
scary; frightening; eerie; dreadful
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
cry (e.g. of a baby); sob; whine; tearful voice; weepy voice
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; penis; (one's) thing