indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
square (of a number); multiplying (a number) by itself; second power
(nth) power; counter for vehicles; multiplication; Buddha's teachings
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
name; given name; first name
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
isolated island; outlying island; leaving an island
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
super-; ultra-; extremely; really; of course; definitely
barrier; obstacle; difficulty; hurdle; deadlock
school with a high proportion of graduates accepted into high-ranking universities; school focused on preparing students to get into high-ranking universities; school with a high proportion of graduates who go on to university or junior college
senior high school; high school
three years; third school year (e.g. of high school)
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
last week; the week before
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
application; request; petition
how; in what way; how about
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to break; to snap; to be injured; to wear out; to be worn out; to break; to burst
next (to); adjoining; adjacent; house next door; neighbouring house; next-door neighbour
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to sleep (lying down); to go to bed; to lie in bed; to lie down; to sleep (with someone, i.e. have intercourse); to lie flat (e.g. of hair); to lie idle (of funds, stock, etc.)
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; penis; (one's) thing
ceiling; ceiling (e.g. of share price); ceiling price
low (rank, degree, value, content, quality, etc.); low (position); close to the ground; short (height); deep (voice); in a low key
head; hair (on one's head); mind; brains; leader; chief; top
to hit (e.g. one's head); to strike; to throw (at); to fling (at); to vent (e.g. one's anger); to express (one's feelings)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
high; tall; expensive; high-priced; high (level); above average (in degree, quality, etc.)
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
all present; all concerned; all of us
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
already; yet; soon; shortly; further; more