what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
photography (still or motion); photographing; filming; shooting; (video) recording
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
riverbank; riverside; market on the riverbank (esp. fish market); place (for activities); venue
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
ship; boat; tank; tub; counter for boat-shaped containers (e.g. of sashimi)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
Edo Castle (residence of the Shogun during the Edo period, now the site of the Tokyo Imperial Palace)
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
stone; jewel; precious stone; flint (in a lighter); stone (in go); stone (in the bladder, kidney etc.); calculus
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to carry; to transport; to come; to go; to wield (a tool, etc.); to use
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
expresses a firm view or feeling; please ...; would you ...
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
point; tip; head (of a line); front; first; before; (the way) ahead
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
particle indicating that the speaker is trying to recall some information
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
liquor store; wine shop; bottle shop; sake dealer; liquor-store owner; brewer
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...