this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
Edo (shogunate capital, now Tokyo); Yedo
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
koku; traditional unit of volume, approx. 180.4 litres; measure of a Japanese-style boat's loading capacity (approx. 278.26 liters)
town; block; street; road; 109.09 m; 0.99 hectares
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
to be heard; to be audible; to be said to be; to be reputed
extent; scope; sphere; range; span
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to live (of humans); to reside; to inhabit; to dwell; to abide
people; men and women; each person; everybody
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
sentence; composition; text; the literary arts (as opposed to the military arts); academia; statement
apiece; each; at a time; piecemeal
to collect (debts); to dun; to appoint; to promote; to emphasize; to focus on
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
each time; always; often; thank you for your continued patronage
singing voice; (sound of) singing
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
discourtesy; impoliteness; excuse me; goodbye; to leave; to be rude
coincidence; chance; by chance; unexpectedly; contingency
announcement flier (e.g. sale at a shop); raffle ticket; lottery ticket; hikifuda (type of playing cards numbered 1-6, used by the bank in tehonbiki); kurifuda
shop; store; somebody who sells (something) or works as (something); somebody with a (certain) personality trait; house; roof
honorific/polite/humble prefix
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to meet (by chance); to come across; to meet (e.g. of rivers, highways, etc.); to emerge and engage (an enemy)
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
embarrassing; embarrassed; ashamed; disgraceful; shameful
while; during; while; although; all; both
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
to draw; to paint; to depict; to describe; to picture in one's mind; to imagine