indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
operation (of machine); operating; running; working
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
class (of students); group (of people); party; lot; bunch; crime family; organized-crime syndicate
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
guest; visitor; customer; client; shopper
holding a ceremony; wedding ceremony
reception (e.g. wedding); banquet; celebration; party
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
honorific/polite/humble prefix
equation; formula; ceremony; style; (arch.) enforcement regulations (of the ritsuryo)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
waiting room; anteroom; antechamber; green room
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
contacting; (making) contact; connection (with a train, bus, etc.); joining (a railway line, etc.); connection (between matters, incidents, etc.); relation
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
10^8; 100,000,000; hundred million
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to set up (a house, store, etc.); to build; to have at the ready (e.g. a gun); to hold in preparation (e.g. a camera); to adopt a posture; to assume a stance; to put on an air
long-established shop; shop of long standing; old shop
wagashi; traditional Japanese confectionery
manufacturer (esp. a major company); producer; maker; device for making things; person who creates things
young bird; chick; fledgling; hina doll; doll displayed during the Girls' Festival
company president; manager; director
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style