indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
funny; amusing; strange; odd; improper; unsuitable
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
in the same way as; just like
to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to step down; to retire; to be granted
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
descent; fall; drop; passing down (of an order, decree, etc.)
left hand; left-hand side; left-hand direction; (on) the left
(some) more; even more; longer; further
to grow long (e.g. hair, nails); to lengthen; to extend; to reach out; to hold out; to straighten; to smooth out
good; excellent; fine; nice; pleasant; agreeable
meeting up; gathering; assembly; set
slow; time-consuming; late (in the day); towards the end (of the day or night); later (than expected or usual); late
cherry tree; cherry blossom; fake buyer; paid audience; hired applauder; horse meat
to; for; from the standpoint of; as far as ... is concerned
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
number one; first; best; most; game; round
important; serious; valuable; precious; serious matter; major incident
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
which way; which direction; which one (esp. of two alternatives); who
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
selection; choice; choosing; picking; election
to open (e.g. doors); to open (e.g. business, etc.); to be empty; to be vacant; to be available; to be open (e.g. neckline, etc.); to have been opened (of one's eyes, mouth, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
first-aid; emergency (aid)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to abandon; to fail; to desert; to forsake
adds force or indicates command
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
before one knows; before one becomes aware of; unnoticed; unawares
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
it is ... that ...; precisely; although; while; it is precisely because ... that ...; only because ...