preeminence; supremacy; distinction; excellence
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
crime; sin; penalty; sentence; fault; responsibility
to mince; to cut fine; to carve; to engrave; to tick away (time); to beat out (e.g. rhythm); to etch (into one's mind)
tattoo (esp. one in a style other than traditional Japanese)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to challenge to (a fight, game, etc.); to throw down the gauntlet; to tackle (e.g. a problem); to attempt; to pressure (someone) for sex; to make advances to
putting one's life on the line; staking one's life (on); risking one's life; life and death situation
confession (to a crime, wrongdoing, etc.); admission; professing one's feelings (to someone one wants to go out with); declaration of love; profession (of faith); confession (of sins)
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
to pass (the night); to spend; to reveal; to divulge; to prove; to verify
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
elder brother; big brother; one's senior; one's elder; old ingredients; stale ingredients
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
he; she; that guy; that; that one; that thing
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
supporting role (actor); minor role
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to finish; to end; to have a result less severe than expected; to feel at ease; to feel unease or guilt for troubling someone; to be sorry
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
review (of learned material); revision
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
I; me; you; (arch.) manservant
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
suspicious; dubious; doubtful; unsure; untrustworthy; unreliable; strange
weird; eerie; ominous; creepy; uncanny; unearthly
two persons; two people; pair; couple
relation; relationship; participation; involvement; influence; effect
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
what's the matter?; what's wrong?; what happened (to) ...?; what have you done (with) ...?; where is ...?
guy; fellow; chap; bastard; asshole; arsehole