request; favour (to ask); wish; please
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to save; to rescue; to help; to assist; to support (financially); to contribute (to)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
career; occupation; personal history; professional experience; government employee who has passed the highest national civil service exam; carrier; carrier (of a disease-causing agent)
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
to sing; to sing of (love, beauty, etc.) in a poem; to express in the form of a poem; to recite (a poem)
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
in perfect form; going swimmingly
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
soon; before long; slowly; quietly; already; about time
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
thank you (for your hard work); good work; see you; goodbye; goodnight
for a moment; for a minute; for a while; for some time; for the time being; for now
holiday; day off; sleep; rest; good night
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
being in charge (of an area of responsibility); being responsible (for a work role, etc.)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to succeed; to relieve; to take the place of; to substitute for; to be exchanged; to change (places with)
with trouble; at great pains; rare; valuable; kind; generous
favourable; favorable; doing well; OK; all right
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
I'm sorry; my apologies; excuse me; pardon me
surgery; operation; procedure; skill with one's hands; sleight of hand