year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
Heisei era (1989.1.8-2019.4.30)
end; conclusion; last; final; no sooner than; once
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
representative; representation; delegation; switchboard number; main number
first-class; top grade; characteristic; peculiar; school (e.g. of a performance art); one flag
enterprise; business; company; corporation
to follow in succession; to happen one after another
scandal; deplorable event
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to shake; to sway; to waver
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
to support; to prop; to sustain; to hold at bay; to stem; to check
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
noted family; noble family; prestigious school, organization, business, etc.
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
alteration; falsification; faking
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
detection (of a plot, fraud, etc.); discovery; coming to light; being uncovered
large number (of); many; majority
great (quantity, amount, etc.); huge; enormous; serious
trouble; bother; annoyance
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
from the bottom of one's heart; heartily; sincerely
to say; to tell; to state; to do
student (esp. a university student)
serious; not joking; straight
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
professor; teaching; instruction