fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
sedge (Cyperaceae spp., esp. members of genus Carex)
research division; research club (e.g. at school, university)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
(ancient) Japan; Yamato (former province located in present-day Nara Prefecture)
greatly energetic; ferocious; extreme; severe
fashion; way; school (of thought); class; rank; current (electrical, water, etc.)
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
rikka; formal style of ikebana
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
disappearance; running away; going missing; absconding
matter; affair; counter for (received) emails, text messages, voicemail messages, etc.; counter for accounts (on a website, email service, etc.)
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
god of beauty; goddess of beauty; Venus
that sort of; that kind of; like that; such; so
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
professor; teaching; instruction
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
I; me; oneself; (arch.) you; (arch.) prefix indicating familiarity or contempt
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
genome editing; genome engineering
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
door (Western-style, car, etc.)
to open; to undo; to bloom; to unfold; to open (for business, e.g. in the morning); to be wide (gap, etc.); to widen
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise