mama; mamma; mom; female proprietress (of a bar, etc.)
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
chief examiner or investigator
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to chase; to run after; to pursue
mountain; hill; mine (e.g. coal mine); heap; pile; crown (of a hat); thread (of a screw)
promotion of industry; inauguration of a new industrial enterprise
now; the present time; just now; another; more
head (chief, director) of a section or department; head of a (school) club; head of a (school) team
darkness; the dark; bewilderment; despair; hidden place; secrecy
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
how; in what way; how about
to be tied together; to be connected to; to lead to; to be related to; to be related (by blood)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
new rice field; newly developed rice field; wasteland or marshland newly reclaimed as a rice field (Edo period)
cooperation; collaboration
request; favour (to ask); wish; please
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
people; citizens; subjects; folk
honor; honour; glory; (arch.) prosperity
party (political); person who is fond of; fan of
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
middle of the road; centrism; the middle (of what one is doing); half-way; middle way; middle path
adhesion; conglutination; collusion; collusive relationship
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
pipe; tube; channels, official or otherwise; (business) connections; tobacco pipe
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to stop; to cease; to come to an end; to cut off
far from; anything but; not at all; let alone; to say nothing of; not to mention
than; from; out of; except; but; more