indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
image (in one's mind); impression; (computer) image; depiction (e.g. of a product); rendition
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to meet (by chance); to come across; to meet (e.g. of rivers, highways, etc.); to emerge and engage (an enemy)
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
now; the present time; just now; another; more
to burst open; to open suddenly (of a door); to change completely; to do a 180
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
sometime; someday; one day; some time or other; the other day; in due course
illness (usu. excluding minor ailments, e.g. common cold); disease; bad habit; bad behaviour; crazy; insane
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to cure; to heal; to fix; to correct; to do over again; to replace
(medical) doctor; physician
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to work; to labor; to function; to operate; to commit (e.g. a crime); to perpetrate
just because; even if; even though
all members; all hands; everyone; everybody; whole crew
direction; orientation; bearing; course (e.g. of action)
to turn toward; to look (up, down, etc.); to face (e.g. east) (of a building, window, etc.); to look out on; to point (of an arrow, compass needle, etc.); to be suited to
not necessarily so; is not always true
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
outside of; not covered by
interest (in something); curiosity (about something); zest (for)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
medical office (esp. in a hospital); doctor's office
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
frame; framework; border; box; limit; restriction; category
to open (e.g. doors); to open (e.g. business, etc.); to be empty; to be vacant; to be available; to be open (e.g. neckline, etc.); to have been opened (of one's eyes, mouth, etc.)
senior (at work or school); superior; elder; older graduate; progenitor; old-timer