class president; head class representative
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
discipline; training; teaching manners
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
severe; strict; hard (to do); difficult; intense (e.g. cold); harsh (weather)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to be raised (e.g. child); to be brought up; to grow (up)
irreproachable conduct; good conduct; high morals
being upright and cleanhanded
attractive face and figure
et cetera; etc.; and the like; and so forth
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
flowery words; rhetorical flourishes
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
four-character compound word (esp. idiomatic)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to line up; to set up; to enumerate; to itemize; to be equal (to); to compare well (with)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
appearance; arrival; make one's appearance
by means of; due to; because of; according to
gyudon; rice covered with sliced beef, usu. with vegetables
rich (in flavor, color, smell, etc.); thick; very likely; highly possible; passionate; hot
refreshing; exhilarating; invigorating; bracing
porcelain bowl; donburi; bowl of meat, fish, etc. served over rice
consternation; falling into a panic; fluster; confusion; dismay; discomfiture
management; dealing with; course of events; circumstances; end result (usu. bad); outcome
paying for one's mistakes; getting one's just deserts; suffering the consequences (of one's own actions); reap what you sow
inhuman; heinous; atrocious
two persons; two people; pair; couple
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
okonomiyaki; savoury pancake containing meat or seafood and vegetables
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
delicious; tasty; sweet; attractive; appealing; convenient
(committee) chairman; president
what's the matter?; what's wrong?; what happened (to) ...?; what have you done (with) ...?; where is ...?