class president; head class representative
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
discipline; training; teaching manners
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
severe; strict; hard (to do); difficult; intense (e.g. cold); harsh (weather)
home; household; family; hearth
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to be raised (e.g. child); to be brought up; to grow (up)
irreproachable conduct; good conduct; high morals
spotless integrity; absolute honesty; uprightness
attractive face and figure
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
flowery words; rhetorical flourishes
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
four-character compound word (esp. idiomatic)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to line up; to set up; to enumerate; to itemize; to be equal (to); to compare well (with)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
existence; being; presence
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
Mr; master; Ms; miss; (arch.) sir; (arch.) madam
appearance; emergence; advent; arrival; showing up; coming to existence
by means of; due to; because of; according to
impact; shock; impulse; (psychological) shock
gyudon; rice covered with sliced beef, usu. with fried onion
rich (flavor, color, etc.); strong (e.g. odor); probable; (very) likely; passionate; sensuous
refreshing; exhilarating; invigorating; bracing
porcelain bowl; donburi; bowl of meat, fish, etc. served over rice; front pocket in a haragake
consternation; falling into a panic; fluster; confusion; dismay; discomfiture
management; dealing with; course of events; circumstances; end result (usu. bad); outcome
paying for one's mistakes; getting one's just deserts; suffering the consequences (of one's own actions); reap what you sow
inhuman; heinous; atrocious
two persons; two people; pair; couple
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
okonomiyaki; savoury pancake fried on an iron griddle with vegetables, meat and/or seafood and topped with various sauces and condiments
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
good(-tasting); nice; delicious; attractive (offer, opportunity, etc.); appealing; convenient
chairperson (of a committee); chair; chairman; chairwoman; president
what's the matter?; what's wrong?; what happened (to) ...?; what have you done (with) ...?; where is ...?