indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
one day; (on) a certain day
strange; odd; peculiar; queer; curious
to dream (i.e. while asleep); to have a dream; to dream (of the future); to have a fleeting experience
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
one day; all day (long); throughout the day; first day of the month
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
April; fourth month in the lunar calendar
twenty-first day of the month; twenty-one days
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
fall; tumble; spill; degradation; comedown; demotion
somehow; for some reason; without knowing why
while alive; during one's lifetime
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to cross over; to cross; to pass through; to exceed; to surpass; to be more (than)
consciousness; becoming aware (of); awareness; mano-vijnana (mental consciousness, cognizer of sensory information)
joint ownership; co-ownership; sharing (e.g. a viewpoint); sharing (files, devices on a network, posts on social media, etc.)
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
circumference; girth; surroundings; neighbourhood; people surrounding oneself; surrounding circumstances
to loiter; to putter; to prowl; to be confused from not knowing what to do
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
mistake; error; accident; mishap; improper conduct (e.g. between man and woman); indiscretion
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to aim at (with a weapon, etc.); to be after (something or someone); to have an eye on; to aim for; to set up as a goal
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
to become known; to come to light; to be known; to be understood; to clearly not amount to much; to be insignificant
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
fear; dread; dismay; terror; horror; scare