indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
the past; bygone days; one's past (that one would prefer remained secret); past (tense); preterit; previous life
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to lose (through death) (e.g. wife, child)
mama; mamma; mom; female proprietress (of a bar, etc.)
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
family; members of a family
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
care; looking after; trouble; bother; good offices; recommendation
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to do nothing but; to spend all one's time doing
housewife; mistress (of the house); homemaker
one day; (on) a certain day
strange; odd; peculiar; queer; curious
to dream (i.e. while asleep); to have a dream; to dream (of the future); to have a fleeting experience
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
one day; all day (long); throughout the day; first day of the month
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to reach the point that; to come to be that; to turn into
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
what date?; what's the date?; when?
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
April; fourth month in the lunar calendar
twenty-first day of the month; twenty-one days
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
fall; tumble; spill; degradation; comedown; demotion
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
to examine; to look up; to investigate; to check up; to sense; to study
Japanese staunton-vine (Stauntonia hexaphylla)
now that you mention it; come to think of it; that reminds me; on that subject; speaking of which
suffix for familiar person