indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
one day; all day (long); throughout the day; first day of the month
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
mirror; looking-glass; barrel head; page added at the beginning of a document mentioning its purpose, date, author, etc.; mirror-shaped mochi
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to be opposite; to face each other; to confront (an issue); to face
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
recently; lately; these days; nearest; closest
fashion; trend; vogue; prevalence (of a disease); epidemic
skin; body (in the context of intimate bodily contact); surface; grain (e.g. of wood); disposition; temperament
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to aim at (for, to do, to become); to try for; to have an eye on; to go toward; to head for
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
porcelain (esp. soft-paste porcelain); china; chinaware; earthenware; pottery; ceramics
finish; finishing; finishing touches
occasionally; once in a while; now and then; rarely; seldom
extramarital sex; affair; fooling around; infidelity; wantonness; unfaithfulness
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
after all; in the end; conclusion; end; end of a game of go, shogi, etc.
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
standard item; usual thing; (a) classic; basic item (with stable demand); staple goods
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
strenuous exertion; spurt; splurge
to buy; to purchase; to value; to have a high opinion; to stir; to provoke
God; god; ace; king; superior person
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
lovely; wonderful; nice; great; fantastic; superb
to meet (by chance); to come across; to meet (e.g. of rivers, highways, etc.); to emerge and engage (an enemy)
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
very; extremely; excessively
workmanship; craftsmanship; grades; results; quality (e.g. of a crop); dealings
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
absurd; unreasonable; extreme; senseless; disorderly; chaotic
cute; adorable; dear; precious; innocent; childlike