car; automobile; vehicle; wheel
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
running (of a car, bus, etc.); traveling; travelling; running (of a program)
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
nape of the neck; back of the neck; scruff of the neck
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to fall down; to drop; to be omitted; to be missing; to decrease; to sink; to fail (e.g. exam or class)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
in the twinkling of an eye; in a flash
rain; rainy day; rainy weather; the November suit (in hanafuda)
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
time; hour; period; class
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
in accordance with; following; roughly; about; Street; Avenue
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
immediately; right away; at once; instantly
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
intention; plan; belief; assumption; estimate; estimation
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
to stop; to turn off; to park; to prevent; to suppress (a cough); to stop (someone from doing something); to dissuade
small quantity; little; little while; short distance
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
hard; solid; stiff; tight; strong; firm (not viscous or easily moved); safe
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
(some) more; even more; longer; further
little girl; maiden; young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryo period)
bar; measure; short pause (in writing); petty principles; minor details
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
as a child; when one was a child; childhood