indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
trial; judgement; judgment
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to talk; to speak; to tell; to explain; to speak (a language)
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
oak tree; (arch.) imperial palace guard
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
picture; drawing; painting; image (TV, film, etc.); picture; footage
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
book of pictures (paintings, drawings, etc.); collection of pictures
to come and see (someone, something); to visit
to say enough (as much as required); to say plenty; to say well; to say cleverly; to say often; to say frequently
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
myself; yourself; I; me; you
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
news; word; tidings; omen
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
wanted; wished for; in need of; I want (you) to
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
willingness (e.g. to do something); eagerness; motivation; inspiration; determination; high aspirations
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
please (give me); please (do for me)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
accused; defendant; prisoner at the bar
victim; injured party; sufferer