there; over there; genitals; private parts; that far; that much
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
abundant; plentiful; rich; ample
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
undeveloped woodland near populated area; settlement pattern of living in upland valleys and cultivating lower slopes
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
life; life force; lifetime; lifespan; most important thing; foundation
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
method; manner; appearance; air; tendency; folk song (genre of the Shi Jing)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
in that way; thus; so; so?
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
mountain; hill; mine (e.g. coal mine); heap; pile; crown (of a hat); thread (of a screw)
in terms of both ... and ...; from the perspective of ... as well as ...; whether it be ... or ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
living only for one's work; a life with no other interest than one's work
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
kind; sort; type; similar example; parallel; the like
going; travelling; act; action; bank; counter for banks; counter for groups or parties of people
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to meet (by chance); to come across; to meet (e.g. of rivers, highways, etc.); to emerge and engage (an enemy)
lunch; (Western-style) single-plate lunch set; plate lunch; launch (boat); motorboat; ranch
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
how; in what way; how about; questionable
to resign; to retire; to quit; to leave (one's job, etc.)
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
book; volume; this; present; main; head
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish