indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
to be believed to; to be expected to; to be feared to; to be poised to; to be considered to; to be likely to
left; left-hand side; left hand; the left (wing); leftist; fondness for alcohol
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
discovery; detection; finding
testimony; (verbal) evidence
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
... years old; age (of) ...
becoming clear; coming to light; being ascertained; being identified; being confirmed
one's father; one's old man; middle-aged (or older) man; old man; one's boss; proprietor (of a restaurant, store, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to fall; to drop; to set (of the sun or moon); to sink; to decrease (of popularity, quality, speed, sales, etc.); to fall; to be inferior (to)
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
same; identical; equal; anyway; in any case; if one must ...
actual spot; scene (of a crime, accident, etc.); (on) site; (on) the ground; filming location; (movie) set
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to associate with; to keep company with; to go out with; to go along with; to follow someone's lead; to accompany someone
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
to come; to go; to be (somewhere); to be (doing)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
work; business; company; study
fall; tumble; spill; fall (in position, standing, etc.); downfall; descent
gold (metal); gold (color); gold (medal); first place (prize); something of great value; something golden (e.g. silence); money
recipient (e.g. of mail); addressee; payee; beneficiary
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
else; in addition; besides
another (person); the other person; one more (person)
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; penis; (one's) thing
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about