indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
to be believed to; to be expected to; to be feared to; to be poised to; to be considered to; to be likely to
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
discovery; detection; finding
testimony; (verbal) evidence
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
establishing; proving; ascertaining; identifying; confirming
one's father; one's old man; middle-aged (or older) man; old man; one's boss; proprietor (of a restaurant, store, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to fall down; to drop; to be omitted; to be missing; to decrease; to sink; to fail (e.g. exam or class)
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
actual spot; scene (of a crime, accident, etc.); (on) site; (on) the ground; filming location; (movie) set
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to associate with; to keep company with; to go out with; to go along with; to follow someone's lead; to accompany someone
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
to come; to go; to be (somewhere); to be (doing)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
work; business; company; study
fall; tumble; spill; degradation; comedown; demotion
gold (Au); golden (color); valuable; of highest value; money; gold coin; Friday
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
another (person); the other person; one more (person)
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen