noon; midday; daytime; lunch
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
busy; occupied; hectic; restless; hurried; fidgety
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
prosperity; bustle; activity; crowd; turnout
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
city; Tokyo Metropolitan Assembly
tumult; great noise; clatter; hustle and bustle
inner part; interior; living quarters (at the back of a house); inner room; recesses (of one's mind); bottom (of one's heart)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
store; shop; establishment; restaurant
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
that day; the very same day
guest; visitor; customer; client; shopper
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
to visit; to call on; to arrive (of a season, situation, etc.); to come; to appear
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
now; the present time; just now; another; more
exactly; just; right (when); just (as); just (about to); on the point of
to stand (up); to rise; to stand (in a position; of a person, tree, building, etc.); to be situated (in, on); to be (in difficulties, the lead, etc.); to put oneself (in a position or situation); to leave (to do something)
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
main point; essential point; important thing; necessity; need; requirement
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
name; given name; first name
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to come; to go; to be (somewhere); to be (doing)
pivot; vital point; cornerstone; Japanese photinia
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to be (animate); to be; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed; to (have the audacity to) do
please; kindly; by all means; certainly; here you are; to give
a few hours; several hours; a couple of hours
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)