noon; midday; daytime; lunch
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
busy; occupied; hectic; restless; hurried; fidgety
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
prosperity; bustle; activity; crowd; turnout
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
city; Tokyo Metropolitan Assembly
tumult; great noise; clatter; hustle and bustle
inner part; inside; interior; depths (e.g. of a forest); back (of a house, drawer, etc.); bottom (e.g. of one's heart)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
store; shop; establishment; restaurant
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
that day; the very same day
guest; visitor; customer; client; shopper
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
to visit; to call on; to arrive (season, time, situation, etc.); to come; (arch.) to make a sound; (arch.) to send a letter
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
now; the present time; just now; another; more
exactly; surely; right then; just then; just (about to); on the verge (of doing or happening)
to stand; to rise; to find oneself (e.g. in a difficult position); to depart (on a plane, train, etc.)
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
name; given name; first name
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to come; to go; to be (somewhere); to be (doing)
thank you; thanks; much (thanks); very (sorry); quite; really; somehow
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
please; kindly; by all means; certainly; here you are; to give
door; gate; opening; title page
to close (e.g. book, eyes, meeting, etc.); to shut