indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
numerical value; figure; result; reading (on a meter, etc.)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
a little; a bit; a little while; a short time; a little way; a short distance
high; tall; expensive; high-priced; high (level); above average (in degree, quality, etc.)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
depression; low spirits; luxuriant (of vegetation)
tendency; trend; inclination
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
remainder; remnant; (not) very; (not) much; too much; excessively; extreme
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
because; as; since; because of that; therefore; accordingly
for a moment; for a minute; for a while; for some time; for the time being; for now
state (of affairs); situation; appearance; look(s); sign; indication
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
newly born imperial prince; newly constructed (branch) shrine
indiscriminately; blindly; at random; indiscriminate; random; excessive
to shed tears; to (begin to) cry
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to be troubled; to have difficulty; to be bothered; to be inconvenienced; to be badly off; to be hard up
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
for work; in a manner related to work
to be in a hurry; to be impatient; to be anxious (to do); to get a fright; to panic; to get flustered
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
usual; ordinary; normal; regular; general; common
aging; ageing; growing older
by means of; due to; because of; according to
physical condition; state of health; shape
change; variation; variety; diversity; inflection; declension
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
a-ha-ha (laughing loudly)
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; penis; (one's) thing
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to differ (from); to be different; to be wrong; to be incorrect; to become abnormal; to go wrong
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
rest; recess; vacation; holiday; dormancy (of a silkworm prior to moulting)