dry riverbed; river beach
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to smash; to crush; to shut down; to put out of business; to wreck; to break; to butcher
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
personality; character; individuality; personhood
denial; negation; negation (logic); NOT operation
mental; spiritual; emotional
instability; insecurity; crankiness
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
for the first time in one's life
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
large tree; big tree; huge tree
comfort; ease; easy; simple; (economically) comfortable; raku pottery
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
in that way; thus; so; so?
definitely; absolutely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
to permit; to allow; to forgive; to pardon; to exempt (someone) from; to remit; to acknowledge
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to descend; to go down; to be handed down (of an order, judgment, etc.); to pass (of time); to surrender; to capitulate; to be less than
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
chime; bell (e.g. doorbell)
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
another time; again; over again; formally; especially; intentionally
to open; to undo; to bloom; to unfold; to open (for business, e.g. in the morning); to be wide (gap, etc.); to widen
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...