to climb over; to get over; to surmount; to overcome; to surpass; to overtake
present age; present day; today; modern era; modern times
to arrive at (after a struggle); to finally reach; to find one's way to; to finally hit on (e.g. an idea)
predecessor; pioneer; ancestor
to connect; to link together; to tie; to fasten; to maintain; to preserve
previously; before; first; before (something or someone else); beforehand; in advance
average; medium; mid-grade (item); regular grade; same level as; equal to
running as fast as one can
wonderful; astounding; marvellous
to cross over; to go across; to extend; to cover; to range
black ships; Western ships that came to Japan between the 16th and 19th centuries, esp. those of the Perry Expedition in 1853; foreign disruptor (of the Japanese market); product, person, etc. arriving from the West and disturbing the Japanese market
to place on (something); to give (someone) a ride; to give a lift; to load (luggage); to carry; to send out (on the airwaves, etc.); to deceive
red; crimson; red-containing colour (e.g. brown, pink, orange); Red (i.e. communist); red light (traffic); red ink (i.e. in finance or proof-reading); (in) the red
ship; boat; tank; tub; counter for boat-shaped containers (e.g. of sashimi)
arrival of ships (from abroad); arrival by ship
rushing into; breaking into; storming; plunging into (war, etc.); embarking on (a new venture)
direction; orientation; bearing; course (e.g. of action)
confections; sweets; candy; cake
place for relaxation and refreshment
izakaya; Japanese bar that also serves various dishes and snacks
sense; sensation; feeling; intuition
many; much; majority (of); greater part (of); mostly; mainly
to meet; to assemble; to congregate
attack; offence; dominant partner of a homosexual relationship; a barrage of; a flood of
change; variation; variety; diversity; inflection; declension
to draw (a thread); to let out (e.g. a rope); to head out as a group; to set out in large numbers; to send out one after another; to dispatch
very; awfully; exceedingly; (not) at all; by no means; simply (cannot)
to cause; to induce; to bring about a result or state; to produce
snack (to have with a drink); side dish
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
year by year; annually; every year; from year to year
charge; cost; generation; age; era; a representative of; on behalf of
to decide to; to pretend that; to make a practice of doing; to make it a rule to
thought; imagination; mind; desire; wish; love
to exterminate; to eradicate; to wipe out; to let (fire) go out; to let die (e.g. flowers); to run out of
ancestor; forefather; foremother
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
long (distance, length); long (time); protracted; prolonged
floor; stage (for the narrator and the shamisen player); dining platform built across a river