bamboo (any grass of subfamily Bambusoideae); middle (of a three-tier ranking system)
Battle of Sekigahara (1600)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
world; society; life; lifetime; age; era; reign
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
the whole world; the whole country; society; the public; supremacy over a nation; government of a country; having one's own way
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
to be doing; to be in the process of doing
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
honorific/polite/humble prefix
friend; ally; supporter; taking sides (with); supporting; standing by
territory; fiefdom; feudal domain
88 years old; (arch.) rice
mountain stream; valley; dale; wetlands; swamp; marsh
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
now; the present time; just now; another; more
deceased; late; dead; departed
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to raise; to rear; to train; to teach; to promote the growth of; to nurture
to be (animate); to be; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed; to (have the audacity to) do
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
obstinate person; stubbornness; pigheadedness; hard head (like a rock)
stubborn (obstinate) father; pig-headed old man
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
eldest daughter; first-born daughter
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to face; to go towards; to head towards
horse; horse racing; promoted bishop; knight (court card in mekuri karuta and unsun karuta)
play; playing; pleasure; amusement; play (in a mechanism, e.g. a steering wheel); slack
without (doing); instead of; if (it) isn't done; if (one) doesn't do ...; if not ...; unless ...
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
to be playful; to gambol; to flirt with; (arch.) to have elegance; (arch.) to have refinement
yikes; oops; eep; wow; aargh
husband; master (of a house, shop, etc.)