bamboo (any grass of subfamily Bambusoideae); middle (of a three-tier ranking system)
Battle of Sekigahara (1600)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
world; society; life; lifetime; age; era; reign
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
the whole world; the whole country; society; the public; supremacy over a nation; government of a country; having one's own way
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
to be doing; to be in the process of doing
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
honorific/polite/humble prefix
friend; ally; supporter; taking sides (with); supporting; standing by
territory; fiefdom; feudal domain
88 years old; (arch.) rice
mountain stream; valley; dale; wetlands; swamp; marsh
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
now; the present time; just now; another; more
deceased; late; dead; departed
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to raise; to rear; to train; to teach; to promote the growth of; to nurture
to be (animate); to be; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed; to (have the audacity to) do
you; before (a god, nobleman, etc.); in front of
father; father (e.g. of a discipline); pioneer (e.g. of field of research); God; Father
no matter what happens; in any circumstances; at any price
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
earth; ground; place; territory; bottom (of a package, book, etc.); earth (one of the five elements)
he; she; that guy; that; that one; that thing
one portion; one serving; adult; grown-up; fully fledged; established
warrior (esp. of military retainers of daimyos in the Edo period); samurai; person with a strong backbone; person that does incredible things; person of considerable talent
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
not going (well); not proceeding (as one wishes); bad; not good; hopeless; beyond hope
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
Edo (shogunate capital; former name of Tokyo); Yedo
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
fast; quick; early; soon; premature; too soon
role; assignment; position (of responsibility); post; part (in a play, film, etc.); role
to arrive at; to reach; to sit on; to sit at (e.g. the table)
as is; as it is; as things are; like this; this way; at this rate
dry field farming; dry field crop
master; expert; Meijin (professional title); Meijin (highest title for male players in competitive karuta)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back