bamboo (any grass of subfamily Bambusoideae); middle (of a three-tier ranking system)
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Dewa (former province located in present-day Yamagata and Akita prefectures)
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
88 years old; (arch.) rice
mountain stream; valley; dale; wetlands; swamp; marsh
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
10,000; ten thousand; myriad; everything; all; (arch.) various
counter for jewels in a watch; counter for transistors, diodes, etc. in an electronic product
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
land near a castle; castle town
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
outskirts (of a town); edge (of a town); just outside the city limits
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
pain; anguish; distress; suffering; hardship
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
nothing; naught; nought; un-; non-
pain; anguish; suffering; duhkha (suffering)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to say; to be called; to do
to work hard; to make an effort
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
you can get used to living anywhere; home is where you make it; wherever I lay my hat is home
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
Battle of Sekigahara (1600)
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
to change one's place of residence; to migrate; to move
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
husband; master (of a house, shop, etc.)
on the occasion of; at the time of
young; youthful; immature; green; low (number); small
taikō (esp. Toyotomi Hideyoshi); title for a regent, later for the grand chancellor, also for the father of an Imperial adviser (advisor) who passed the role to his son
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
the whole world; the whole country; society; the public; supremacy over a nation; government of a country; having one's own way
kabukimono; Edo-period samurai who attracted public attention with their eye-catching clothes, peculiar hairstyle, and eccentric behavior
to be called ...; to be referred to as ...