indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
life; life force; lifetime; lifespan; most important thing; foundation
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to go against; to oppose; to disobey; to defy
furthermore; again; after all; more and more; moreover; even more
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to lose; to miss (a change, opportunity); to lose (a loved one); to be bereaved of; to concede (goals, points, etc.)
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
intention; plan; belief; assumption; estimate; estimation
from now on; after this; in the future; from here; from this point
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to rescue from; to help out of; to save
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
to lose; to be defeated; to succumb; to give in; to be inferior to; to break out in a rash due to (e.g. lacquer, shaving, etc.)
meaning; significance; sense
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
beyond this point; from now on; after this
for; for the sake of; to one's advantage; because of; as a result of
first of all; to begin with; probably; most likely; more or less (satisfactory); on the whole
hill; height; knoll; rising ground
small peninsula; cape; promontory; headland
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
young; youthful; immature; green; low (number); small
near; close; beside; attendant; retainer; vassal
to go; to come; to be defeated; to collapse; to be annoyed; to be nonplussed
feudal lord; (arch.) mansion; (arch.) palace