indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
honorific/polite/humble prefix
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
wood (for building); lumber; timber
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
congratulation; celebration
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
salt; common salt; hardship; toil; saltiness; cold
Mikawa (former province located in the east of present-day Aichi Prefecture)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
head; hair (on one's head); mind; brains; leader; chief; top
spirit; mind; nature; disposition; motivation; intention
viceroy; governor-general
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
shop; store; somebody who sells (something) or works as (something); somebody with a (certain) personality trait; house; roof
to go; to come; to be defeated; to collapse; to be annoyed; to be nonplussed
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
merchant; trader; tradesman; dealer; shopkeeper
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
adds force or indicates command
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent