time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
country in civil war; country disarrayed by war; Warring States period (Japan, China); competiton in which there are several evenly-matched participants; hotly-contested game (match, market, etc.)
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
for generations; hereditary; generation after generation
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
family; relatives; dependents; household
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to govern; to manage; to subdue
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
earth; ground; place; territory; bottom (of a package, book, etc.); earth (one of the five elements)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
Suruga (former province located in the central and northern parts of present-day Shizuoka Prefecture)
noted family; noble family; prestigious school, organization, business, etc.
Mr; Mrs; clan; he; him; counter for people
domination; rule; direction; management; control (e.g. over one's emotions); determining (e.g. one's fate)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
(present) head of a family
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
crane (any bird of the family Gruidae, esp. the red-crowned crane, Grus japonensis)
circle; entirety; whole; money; dough; enclosure inside a castle's walls; soft-shelled turtle
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
two persons; two people; pair; couple
childhood friend; friend from infancy; old playmate
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
husband; groom; (one's) son-in-law
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
heir; successor; family estate; family fortune; headship of a family
to succeed (a person, to a position, etc.); to inherit; to patch (clothes); to mend; to add (e.g. charcoal to the fire); to replenish with
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
to plan; to plot; to attempt (e.g. suicide, murder); to undertake (e.g. business); (arch.) to stand on tip-toes
rebellion; uprising; insurrection; (arch.) treason
charge; grounds; suspicion
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
life; life force; lifetime; lifespan; most important thing; foundation
to aim at (with a weapon, etc.); to be after (something or someone); to have an eye on; to aim for; to set up as a goal