indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
new rice; first rice crop of the year; novice; beginner; newcomer
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
how; in what way; how about
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
sorry; excuse me; thank you
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to cry; to weep; to sob; to howl
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
if you don't mind; if you like; if you feel up for it; if you're interested
maid; helper; help; assistance
stock company; corporation; kabushiki kaisha; KK
occupational therapist; OT; overtime; Old Testament
first; foremost; most important; best; greatest; above all
business; trade; operations; sales
lesson; section (in an organization); division; counter for lessons and chapters (of a book)
section manager; section chief
the present; present time; as of; present tense; this world; this life
being once divorced; one-time divorcee; (lit.) one x mark (i.e. one name struck from the family register)
living by oneself; living alone
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
as you see; as you can see
no!; no no!; no, not at all
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
lovely; wonderful; nice; great; fantastic; superb
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
secret; secrecy; mystery; secret (e.g. to success); esoteric teachings
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
fat; fatty; grand; magnificent; excellent
nth son; lang; official title in ancient China; (arch.) man; (arch.) young man; (arch.) my husband
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
certain; one; (arch.) I; (arch.) me