sorry; excuse me; thank you
vice-minister (Meiji period); undersecretary
discourtesy; impoliteness; excuse me; goodbye; to leave; to be rude
woman; female; feminine gender
company employee; member of a corporation; company stockholder (esp. in legal contexts)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
brightness; discernment; insight; eyesight; vision; nth year in the Meiji era (1868.9.8-1912.7.30)
slow; time-consuming; late (in the day); towards the end (of the day or night); later (than expected or usual); late
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
general affairs; general business; manager; director; adjutant general
telephone call; phone call; telephone (device); phone
immediately; at once; soon; before long; easily; readily
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
huff!; yo-heave-ho!; heigh-ho; to butter up; to suck up to
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
alright; all right; right on; looking good; OK; okay
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
dangerous; risky; in danger; in jeopardy; uncertain; unreliable
I'm sorry; my apologies; excuse me; pardon me
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
to do something in readiness for; to get something (needful) done
good; excellent; fine; nice; pleasant; agreeable
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
very; greatly; immense; enormous; serious; grave
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
lesson; section (in an organization); division; counter for lessons and chapters (of a book)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
assignment (of a person to somewhere); attachment (of a person to another unit, organization, etc.)
same period; corresponding period; same year (of graduation, entering a company, etc.); contemporary; synchronization; synchronism
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
natural; reasonable; obvious; usual; common; ordinary
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
any; anything; whatever; I am told; I hear; I understand
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis