to go up the stairs; to climb the stairs
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
appropriate; adequate; suitable; fitting; worthy
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
place; spot; field; discipline; occasion; situation; scene (of a play, movie, etc.)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
road; path; way; set of practices; moral education; Buddhist teachings; Taoism
cram school student; student of a private-tutoring school
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from ... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that ...; trying to ...
pride; boast; credit (to)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
decorum; propriety; politeness
to respect; to honor; to honour; to esteem; to prize
to send; to dispatch; to see (someone) off; to escort; to bid farewell to (the departed); to say goodbye to; to spend (time)
together with; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
results; record; grades; marks
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
successive generations; successive emperors
two persons; two people; pair; couple
to be conspicuous; to stand out
all; whole; entire; complete (set); in total
perfect score; full marks; perfect; entirely satisfactory; excellent
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
society; public; community; social studies
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
contribution (furthering a goal or cause); services (to a cause); paying tribute; tribute
capable person; talented person; human resources; personnel
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
to swear; to vow; to take an oath; to pledge
cram school; private tutoring school; juku
educational institution; school; academy; campus
senior high school; high school
new student; freshman; first-year student
representation; representative; exemplification; typification; leader; switchboard number
clapping hands; applause; clapping one's hands in prayer (at a shrine)