to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
appropriate; adequate; suitable; fitting; worthy
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
place; spot; field; discipline; occasion; situation; scene (of a play, movie, etc.)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
road; path; way; set of practices; Buddhist teachings; Taoism; modern administrative region of Japan (Hokkaido)
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
pride; boast; credit (to)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
decorum; propriety; politeness
to respect; to honor; to honour; to esteem; to prize
to send (a thing); to dispatch; to take or escort (a person somewhere); to see off (a person); to bid farewell (to the departed); to bury; to spend (time)
together with; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
results; record; grades; marks
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
successive generations; successive emperors
two persons; two people; pair; couple
to be conspicuous; to stand out
all; whole; entire; complete (set); in total
perfect score; full marks; extremely; very; quite
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
society; public; community; social studies
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
contribution (furthering a goal or cause); services (to a cause)
capable person; talented person; human resources; personnel
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
to swear; to vow; to take an oath; to pledge
cram school; private tutoring school; juku
educational institution; school; academy; campus
senior high school; high school
new student; freshman; first-year student
representative; representation; delegation; switchboard number; main number