at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to reach; to touch; to be delivered; to arrive; to be attentive; to be scrupulous
fields (of rice and other crops)
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
water (esp. cool, fresh water, e.g. drinking water); fluid (esp. in an animal tissue); liquid; flood; floodwaters; water offered to wrestlers just prior to a bout
two reams (of paper); 1000 sheets (of paper); stanza; verse; tribe (in taxonomy); forecast (bet); bet which predicts the top 2 finishers (i.e. quinella or perfecta bet)
entry (event, competition, etc.); applying for entry; registering to participate; entry (blog, database, etc.); post
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
track-and-field association; athletics association
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to hand over; to transfer; to give up (e.g. one's seat); to give way; to yield; to concede
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
once; one time; temporarily; for a moment; one degree; one tone
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
(many) mountains; very much (wanting to do something one cannot); greatly; so many; a lot of
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
in that way; thus; so; so?
often; again and again; over and over again; repeatedly; frequently
honorific/polite/humble prefix
foot; paw; leg; gait; pace; bottom structural component (i.e. radical) of a kanji; means of transportation
to be sufficient; to be enough; to be worth doing; to be worthy of; to do (the job); to serve
to be lost (e.g. luggage); to be missing; to be used up; to be run out; to disappear (e.g. pain); to be lost (e.g. a dream, confidence)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
rather; sooner; preferably
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
anyhow; in any case; at any rate; at best; at most
complaint; grumbling; objection; phrase; words; expression