indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
perpetrators of (some) crime; (some type of) crime
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
honorific/polite/humble prefix
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
anonymous report; (secret) information; tip-off; informing (against)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
by no means; never!; something unexpected; emergency; (arch.) currently; (arch.) for the time being
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
dew; tears; (not) a bit; (not) at all
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to confess; to speak out; to disclose; to tell
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
innocence; guiltlessness; absence of the fact; insubstantiality; (arch.) insincerity; (arch.) dishonesty
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
tuft (of hair, threads, etc.); fringe; bunch (of grapes, bananas, etc.); cluster (of flowers); segment (of a tangerine, etc.); section
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
listen!; you see; mind you; remember
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
state; state of affairs; appearance; look; sign; indication
funny; amusing; strange; odd; improper; unsuitable
soliloquy; monologue; speaking to oneself
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as